2BFQ-4 型油菜精量联合直播机的研制

研制了一种与手扶拖拉机配套的2BFQ-4 型气力式油菜精量联合直播机。该机以正负气压组合式油菜 精量排种技术为核心、高度集成免耕开沟/种床旋耕灭茬、气力精量播种、施肥、覆土等机械化作业环节、可实现油菜 机械化精量联合直播作业、并能根据农艺要求进行播量调节。经检测、该机性能指标全部达到设计要求、有效实现了 农机与农艺的结合、综合效益明显、适应稻-油、棉-油种植的机械化油菜直播。     

藏鸡的有丝分裂观察及染色体核型分析简

试验采用直接骨髓法制备林芝藏鸡染色体,通过显微自动成像系统观察藏鸡细胞有丝分裂全过程,包括间期、早前期、前期、中期、后期和末期,并分析了藏鸡有丝分裂过程染色体的形态变化规律。通过比较有丝分裂各期的形态,结果发现藏鸡有丝分裂的前期染色体伸展最长,碱基暴露最多,适合于做基因定位工作。同时进行了藏鸡染色体的核型分析,数据统计结果发现林芝地区藏鸡染色体数目2n=78,其中前5对染色体和性染色体中有3对中央着丝粒（m）染色体、1对近中着丝粒（sm）染色体、2对端着丝粒（t）染色体。与前人试验结果进行了比较,结果显示存在一定差异,原因仍需进一步试验验证。     

Benthic microbial indicators of fish farm impact in a coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea

We studied the impact of organic loads due to the biodeposition of a fish farm in a non-impacted coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean). Sediment chemistry and benthic microbial community were investigated from July 1997 to February 1998 on monthly basis at two stations: one was located under the fish farm, while the second was about 1 km away, and served as a reference site. The presence of the cage induced rapid changes in the benthic conditions: the sediments were rapidly (after 6 weeks) reduced. A significant accumulation of biopolymeric carbon was observed beneath the cage both 2 weeks after the initial cage deployment, on non-impacted sediments, and 5–7 months after, and appeared to be related to the fish farm production cycle. The density of microbial communities beneath the fish farm increased only during the first month of farming activity (July) and partially 7 months after cage disposal (i.e. in January), when there was a significant sediment organic enrichment. Additional evidence of rapid impact of the fish farm on the benthic bacterial communities is provided by the increase in the numbers of autofluorescent microbial cells. The photosynthetic eukaryotic cells displayed a highly reduced contribution to total autofluorescent microbial density, indicating that their decrease is related with biopolymeric carbon accumulation, and probably was due also to “shadow effect” induced by suspended material, coming from the fish farm, on the environment below. We propose here, to apply the ratio of culturable heterotrophic bacteria to microbial direct counts (CFU/MDC) to detect fish farm impact. In cage sediments, organic enrichment and the consequent modification of the characteristics of the benthic environment, determined an increase in aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density indicating that they are efficient colonizers of organic-rich sediments. Densities of Escherichia coli and Enterococci were not significantly higher than in the reference site, and are likely of terrestrial origin. Thus they cannot be used as specific indicators of fish farm impact.     

直接药敏试验在肉鸡生产中的临床应用意义

以信阳市和谐动物医院在2012²013年间接诊的112个细菌病例为研究对象,选取18种常见的抗菌素药敏片,运用纸片扩散法来分析直接药敏试验在临床上的应用效果。结果表明:从112个细菌病例中选出92个病例做研究,36个病例可筛选出3种以上的高敏药物,28个病例可筛选出2种以上的高敏药物,39个病例只能筛选出1种高敏药物,16个病例只能筛选出中敏药物,4个病例对常规的18种药物全部耐药。     

成都平原油菜机直播关键农艺措施对产量的影响(英文)

油菜机直播方式具有省工、高效的特点。为研究成都平原油菜机直播的配套高产栽培技术,试验采用三因素再裂区设计,研究了播种期、播种密度、氮肥水平等机直播关键农艺措施对油菜的生长和产量形成的影响。结果表明,选择在合理的播种期、播种密度、氮肥供应水平下机直播油菜产量构成因子的最佳配置。当播种期为9月30日,播种密度为30株/m2,氮肥供应水平为27 g/m2时机直播油菜产量最高,可达320 g/m2。     

几种封闭除草剂两个时期用药效果对比及其交互作用分析

通过田间小区试验评价了前期筛选的几种适用“播喷同步”的封闭除草剂对水稻的安全性及对直播田杂草的防效, 明确了“播喷同步”技术与常规播后4 d封闭的差异, 以及施药时期×除草剂种类交互作用及对控草效果的影响, 优化水稻直播田杂草防控策略?试验结果表明, 播种当天(播喷同步)或播种后4 d(常规方法)喷施120 g/L噁草酮EC 360 g/hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g/hm2(有效剂量, 下同)?33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG 74.25 g/hm2+300 g/L丙草胺EC 450 g/hm2?60%丁草胺EC 1 350 g/hm2+10%吡嘧磺隆WP 30 g/hm2?35%吡嘧·嘧草·丙OD 525 g/hm2?300 g/L丙草胺EC 450 g/hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g/hm2, 5组除草剂处理对直播稻均无可见药害, 各“播喷同步”处理的杂草防除效果不低于常规播后4 d用药; 同步喷施33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG+300 g/L丙草胺EC防效最高, 药后35 d对禾本科?莎草科?阔叶草防效达到98.3%及以上; 水稻直播4 d后喷药, 水稻成苗率提高但 35 d 的禾本科杂草防效低, 33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG+300 g/L丙草胺EC处理受喷药时间影响小; 复合双因子方差分析表明, 单一因子会对水稻安全性?杂草防效产生显著影响, 用药时期×除草剂种类交互对水稻安全性无显著影响, 对控草效果影响显著?因此, 直播田封闭除草剂宜尽早施药提高防治效果, 同时应选用安全高效的除草剂, 33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG+300 g/L丙草胺EC处理, 可于播种当天到播种后4 d内用药, 保障直播田杂草防治效果的同时兼顾水稻安全?     

不同播期对直播稻株型及穗部性状影响的研究

通过研究淮稻5号、武育粳3号、武运粳21号等3个品种不同播期对直播水稻株型及穗部性状的影响,以期塑造直播水稻理想株型。结果表明,在海丰种植条件下,直播水稻最佳播期为6月上旬。随着播期推迟,株高下降,下部节间增长,上部节间变短;同一品种在播期推迟情况下,一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数及每穗粒数均呈减少趋势,不同品种减少幅度存在差异;在推迟播期情况下,武运粳21号、淮稻5号的株高与穗型受到的影响比武育粳3号小,产量的影响也相对较小。     

直播稻生产概况与品种选育策略

近年,直播稻面积在我国迅速扩大。本文结合国内外直播稻生产概况,指出了直播稻在抗倒伏、出苗率、耐冷性、防治杂草以及生育期等方面存在的问题,提出了培育“生育期适中、抗倒伏、耐低温、耐低氧萌发”的适合直播的水稻新品种选育策略。     

大米陈化度对直接挤压制作米粉品质的影响

[目的]考察大米陈化度对直接挤出制备直条米粉品质和质构特性方面的影响。[方法]研究了大米陈化度对使用双螺杆挤压机直接挤压制作米粉品质的黏着性、断条率、吐浆值、质构特性、感官品质等的影响,并对陈化度与质构特性进行相关性分析。[结果]试验表明,陈化程度较低的大米粉在挤出时米粉条较黏,容易黏连,表面粗糙,随着陈化度升高米粉条黏度降低,表面光滑;随着陈化时间增加米粉咀嚼度和弹性呈上升趋势,断条率呈现先减少后增加的趋势,吐浆值呈上升趋势,感官评价随陈化加深呈先增加后降低的趋势。[结论]研究表明,脂肪酸值可以作为评价大米陈化度的敏感因子。     

早稻旱直播栽培技术

从稻田选择及处理、品种选择、播种、田间管理等方面总结了早稻旱直播栽培技术,以供参考。